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Order of appearence	Full citation	SRCosmos Link
1	Squillance PJ, Pankow JF, Korte NE, Zaogorski JS, (1997), 'Review of environmental behawior of fate of methyl tert bytyl ether', Environ Toxicol Chem, 16, 1836-1844.
2	Cater SR, Stefan MI, Bolton JR, (2000), 'UV/H2O2 treatment of methyl tert-butyl ether in contaminated water', Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 659-662.
3	Lu MC, Chen JN, Chang CP, (1999), 'Oxidation of dichlorfos with hydrogen peroxide using ferrous ion as catalyst', J. Hazard.Mater., B 65, 277-288.
4	Lu MC, Chen JN, Chang CP, (1997), 'Effect of inorganic ions on the oxidation of dichlorvos insecticide with Fenton’s reagent', Chemosphere, 10, 2285-2293.
5	Truong GL, De-Laat J, Legube B, (2004), 'Effects of chloride and sulfate on the rate of oxidation of ferrous ion by H2O2', Water Res., 38, 2383-2393.
6	Siedlecka E, Wieckowska A, Stepnowski P, (2007), 'Influence if inorganic ions on MTBE degradation by Fenton’s reaction', J. Hazard. Mat. in press.
7	Siedlecka EM, Stepnowski P, (2006,) 'Decomposition rates of methyl tert-butyl ether and its by-products by the Fenton system in saline wastewater', Sep. Purif. Tech., 52, 317-324.
8	Siedlecka EM, Stepnowski P, (2007), 'Effect of chlorides and sulfates on the performance of a Fe3+/H2O2 Fenton-like system in the degradation of MTBE and its by-products', Environ. Water. Res. – in press.

Keywords	Fenton reaction, Fenton-like reaction, MTBE, degradation, by-products
Abstract	After it has been demonstrated in many studies that MTBE removal by conventional remediation technologies is costly and ineffective, attention has been drawn to advanced oxidation processes. This motivated us to undertake a study of the degradation of MTBE and its by-products by Fenton and Fenton-like process. The present work was carried out to experimentally explore the characteristics of oxidation, which would leads to the development of a mechanism that describes the influence of chloride and sulfate ions on Fenton and Fenton-like reactions. The obtained results demonstrated that oxidation of MTBE and its by-products by Fenton and Fenton-like systems is effective in both cases, but also sensitive to the presence of inorganic ions. Perchlorate ions do not form complexes with iron species and are not reactive towards hydroxyl radicals. In contrast, chloride and sulfate ions were found to form complexes with iron and less reactive inorganic radicals than OH•. These phenomena lead to a decrease of the active iron species, hydroxyl radicals concentration and in the end the decrease in the rate of organic matter oxidation. At the initial stage of Fenton–like reaction and second stage of Fenton reaction, the iron species are in ferric form which indicates that a complex reaction might be the primary cause of inhibition of Fenton and Fenton-like reaction. Additionally, the inhibiting effect of anions on the rate of conversion of MTBE depends on scavenging of OH• radicals. In contrast to MTBE, the concentrations of its by-products were lower in the presence of chloride and sulfate than in the presence of perchlorate. Other factors that influence the difference of oxidation between MTBE and its by-products also likely exist. The amount of hydrogen peroxide as well as iron added in the reaction mixture were also considered as the factors that increased the effect of MTBE oxidation in the presence of chloride ions. When the concentration of iron increased, the concentration of MTBE as well as by-products decreased in both systems. Based on these data, a great amount of ferrous ions rather than hydrogen peroxide can reduce the inhibition originating from chloride ions if the initial iron concentration is too low to overcome the complex effect.
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Name	Affiliation	Home page	e-mail	Total pubs
Siedlecka EM	Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Sobieskiego 18, PL-80-952 Gdansk, Poland			1
Stepnowski P	Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Sobieskiego 18, PL-80-952 Gdansk, Poland		sox@chem.univ.gda.pl	4