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Kythreotou N, Voscos C, Fatta D:
"The quality of animal wastes originating from intensive pig farming in Cyprus",
In CEST2007: A-787-793, (Sep 2007)

Keywords	piggeries, animal waste management, pig waste quality, Cyprus
Abstract	The development and application of stricter environmental legislation, concerning the impact and management of the waste originating from animal farming by the competent authorities, has been performed within the last 3-4 years. However, very little information is known for the real characteristics of the animal wastes produced in intensive pig farming in Cyprus, and in many cases, the work performed by the authorities and the consultants assisting the farm owners, is based on international literature and qualitative analysis of a limited number of animal farms and parameters. The presence of realistic data can allow better guidance and more precise designing of waste management systems. This paper presents the findings regarding the pig waste characteristics originating from intensive pig farming. Moreover, a general picture is presented of the quantities of animal waste generated, the animal waste treatment methods applied, the specific environmental impacts and management issues associated to and caused by intensive pig farming in Cyprus. The pig farms selected by the authors for monitoring are located in two of the most intensive animal farming areas in Cyprus, Dhali and Orounta. Grab samples were collected from farms with a number of sows ranging from 350 to 1000. In these farms ration of liquid and/or dry character is provided to the animals. Typical amounts of waste produced (slurry) in the particular farms monitored are 21 - 70 m3/day, whereas the waste management schemes used in the particular farms are mechanical separation and lagoon treatment. The particular farms from which samples were taken were chosen because of their location and ration. The waste samples collected from the pig farms were collected from the collection pond, after the mixing pump was operating for 10 minutes, to ensure homogeneity of the sample. Measurements included pH, conductivity, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH3), ammonium ion (NH4+), biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and metals (lead, cadmium, copper, sodium, potassium, zinc, chromium and nickel). From the data collected from the methods applied in GAIA, the data collected from the Environment Service of Cyprus, and comparisons with international data, it appears that the quality of the pig wastes in Cyprus, is similar to that of other countries. The various fluctuations found in the results with time can be explained by the change in ration according to the time of year, and the climatic conditions. However, the treatment applied to the waste cannot be the same as in other countries, due to the specific characteristics of Cyprus (climatic conditions, high salinity of water, etc.)
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