SRCosmos:

Order of appearence	Full citation	SRCosmos Link
1	Arends A, Bonaccorso FJ, Genoud M, 1995. Basal rates of metabolism of nectarivorous bats (Phyllostomidae) from semiarid thorn forest in Venezuela. J. Mammal. 76:947-956.
2	Banta BH, Marer PJ, 1972. An attack by a solpugid on an iguanid lizard hatchling. Brit. J. Herpetol. 4:266-267.
3	Barr TC, Norton RM, 1965. Predation on cave bats by the pilot snake. J. Mammal. 46:672.
4	Bonaccorso FJ, Arends A, Genoud M, Cantoni D, Morton T, 1992. Thermal ecology of moustached and ghost-faced bats (Mormoopidae) in Venezuela. J. Mammal. 73:365-378.
5	Bucherl W, 1946. Acao do veneno dos escolopendromorfos do Brasil sobre alguns animais de laboratorio. Mem. Inst. Butantan 19:181-198.
6	Carpenter CC, Gillingham JC, 1984. Giant centipede (Scolopendra alternans) attacks marine toad (Bufo marinus). Caribb. J. Sci. 20:71-72.
7	Clark DB, 1979. A centipede preying on a nestling rice rat (Oryzomys bauri). J. Mammal. 60:654.
8	Cloudsley-Thompson JL, 1968. Spiders, scorpions, centipedes and mites. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
9	Easterla DA, 1975. Giant desert centipede preys upon snake. Southwest. Nat. 20:411.
10	Elzinga RJ, 1994. The use of legs as grasping structures during prey capture and feeding by the centipede Scolopendra viridis Say (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 67:369-372.
11	Genoud M, Bonaccorso FJ, Arends A, 1990. Rate of metabolism and temperature regulation in two small tropical insectivorous bats (Peropteryx macrotis and Natalus tumidirostris). Comp. Biochem. Phys. A 97:229-243.
12	Gertsch WJ, 1979. American spiders. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
13	Gillette DD, Kimbrough JD, 1970. Chiropteran mortality. In About bats, ed. B. H. Slaughter, and D. W. Walton, pp. 262-283. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press.
14	Grant J, 1959. Hummingbirds attacked by wasps. Can. Field Nat. 73:174.
15	Harada K, Asa K, Imachi T, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshida K, 1999. Centipede inflicted postmortem injury. J. Forensic Sci. 44:849-850.
16	Hardy JD, 1957. Bat predation by the Cuban boa, Epicrates angulifer. Copeia 1957:151-152.
17	Hermanson JW, Wilkins KT, 1986. Preweaning mortality in a Florida maternity roost of Myotis austroriparius and Tadarida brasiliensis. J. Mammal. 67:751-754.
18	Hopkins HC, Hopkins MJG, 1982. Predation by a snake of a flower-visiting bat at Parkia nitida (Leguminosae Mimosoideae). Brittonia 34: 225-227.
19	Hutterer R, Ray JC, 1997. Bat predation by small carnivores in a central African rainforest. Z. Saugetierkd. 62:86-92.
20	Hutton T, 1843. Observations on the habits of a large species of Galeodes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 81-85.
21	Knysak I, Martins R, Bertim CR, 1998. Epidemiological aspects of centipede (Scolopendromorphae: Chilopoda) bites registered in Greater S. Paulo, SP, Brazil. Rev. Saude Publ. 32: 514-518.
22	Lewis JGE, 1961. The life history and ecology of the litoral centipede Strigamia maritima (Leach). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 137:221-247.
23	Lewis JGE, 1981. The Biology of centipedes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24	Linares OJ, Ojasti J, 1974. Una nueva subespecie del murcielago Pteronotus parnellii, en las cuevas de la Peninsula de Paraguana, Venezuela (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae). Bol. Soc. Venez. Espeleol. 5: 73-78.
25	Manton SM, 1965. The evolution of arthropodan locomotory mechanisms. Part 8. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 46:251-484.
26	Matson JO, 1974. Notes on some bats from a cave on Peninsula Paraguana, Venezuela. Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 73:52-53.
27	Mc-Cormick S, Polis GA, 1982. Arthropods that prey on vertebrates. Biol. Rev. 57:29-58.
28	Mc-Cormick S, Polis GA, 1990. Prey, predators, and parasites. In The Biology of Scorpions, ed. G. A. Polis, pp. 294-320. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
29	Millot J, 1943. Les araigness mangeuses de vertebres. B. Soc. Zool. Fr. 68:10-16.
30	Okeden WP, 1903. A centipede eating a snake. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 15:1.
31	Remmington CL, 1950. The bite and habits of the giant centipede (Scolopendra subspinipes) in the Philippine Islands. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 30:453-455.
32	Rice DW, 1957. Life history and ecology of Myotis austroriparius. J. Mammal. 38:15-32.
33	Rodriguez GA, Reagan DP, 1984. Bat predation by the Puerto Rican boa, Epicrates inornatus. Copeia 1984:219-220.
34	Rodriguez-Duran A, 1996. Foraging ecology of the Puerto Rican boa: bat predation, carrion feeding, and piracy. J. Herpetol. 30:533-536.
35	Rodriguez-Duran A, Lewis AR, 1985. Seasonal predation by merlins on sooty mustached bats in western Puerto Rico. Biotropica 17:71-74.
36	Shelley RM, Kiser SB, 2000. Neotype designation and a diagnostic account for the centipede, Scolopendra gigantea L. 1758, with an account of S. galapagoensis Bollman 1889 (Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha Scolopendridae). Trop. Zool. 13:159-170.
37	Shugg HB, 1961. Predation on mouse by centipede. West. Aust. Nat. 8:52.
38	Souza LL, Ferrari SF, Pina AL, 1997. Feeding behaviour and predation of a bat by Saimiri sciureus in a semi-natural Amazonian environment. Folia Primatol. 68:194-198.
39	Sparks DW, Roberts KJ, Jones C, 2000. Vertebrate predators on bats in North America North of Mexico. In Reflections of a Naturalist: Papers Honoring Professor Eugene D. Fleharty, ed. J. R. Choate, pp. 229-241. Hays, Kansas: Fort Hays Studies, Special Issue 1.
40	Stankiewicz M, et al., 1999. Effects of a centipede venom fraction on insect nervous system, a native Xenopus oocyte receptor and on an expressed Drosophila muscarinic receptor. Toxicon 10:1431-1445.
41	SVE (Sociedad Venezolana de Espeleologia). 1972. Fa. 13 – Cueva del Guano. Bol. Soc. Venez. Espeleol. 3: 182-186.
42	Tuttle MD, Stevenson D, 1982. Growth and survival of bats. In Ecology of bats, ed. T. H. Kunz, pp. 105-150. New York: Plenum Press.
43	Wells-Cole H, 1898. A voracious centipede. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 12:214.
44	Wilson DE, 1971. Ecology of Myotis nigricans (Mammalia: Chiroptera) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone. J. Zool. 162:1-13.

Keywords	Leptonycteris, Mormoops, Paraguana Peninsula, predation, Pteronotus, Scolopendra.
Abstract	We report the first known cases of predation by centipedes, Scolopendra gigantea (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae), on three species of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera), Mormoops megalophylla and Pteronotus davyi (Mormoopidae), and Leptonycteris curasoae (Phyllostomidae). Our observations were made in Cueva del Guano, a limestone cave in Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela, that harbors important colonies of five bat species. These observations show that, nocturnally and diurnally, centipedes can perform two actions that most other bat predators cannot. First, they climb cave ceilings to catch and eat flying or perching bats. Second, they subdue bats substantially heavier than themselves. Such capabilities may allow large centipedes to prey on bats in what otherwise would be safe roosts.
Full text	Full Text in PDF (109 KB)
Source link
Included Refrences	44 References (List...)
Cited by other Articles	0 Citations (List...)

Name	Affiliation	Home page	e-mail	Total pubs
Arends A	Centro de Ecologia, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela			1
De-Ascencao AA	Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida 5101, Venezuela			1
Gutierrez EE	Centro de Ecologia, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela			1
Marquez RJ	Centro de Investigaciones en Ecologia y Zonas Aridas, Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda, Coro 4101, Venezuela			1
Molinari J	Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida 5101, Venezuela		molinari@ula.ve	1
Nassar JM	Centro de Ecologia, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas 1020, Venezuela			1