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Moussiopoulos N, Barmpas Ph, Vlachokostas Ch, Ossanlis I:
"Comparison of experimental results and model simulations and cost-effectiveness assessment of photocatalytic covering techniques",
In CEST2005: 1038-1043, (Sep 2005)

Keywords	Depollution, PICADA, facade coverings, photo-catalytic reactions, air quality, field campaign, numerical modelling, wind tunnel, cost – effectiveness
Abstract	The phenomenon of facade soiling and staining is probably as old as the cities themselves. Unfortunately, industrial pollution has exacerbated the problems with impacts on both the quality of the urban environment and the life cycle cost of the buildings. The development of new materials that can be easily applied on facades, with both self-cleaning and de-polluting properties would be a significant step towards improvements in urban quality of cities. Such materials show depollution and desoiling properties as they are able to degrade, through photo-catalytic reactions induced by TiO2 present in their matrix, NOX as well as various organic pollutants. The aim of the European Project PICADA, (Photocatalytic Innovative Coverings Applications for Depollution Assessment), is actually to reduce the cost and increase the performances of the innovative coverings for sheet-like applications in order to make available affordable, really sustainable products by developing a range of such novel materials, whose large scale applications may, combined with already existing techniques, improve the quality of urban built environment. Towards this aim, a field experiment campaign was carried out in order to evaluate the performance and the depollution potential of a range of photocatalytic TiO2 based facade covering products which have been developed by the PICADA consortium, in an artificially constructed street canyon configuration designed to approximate real life urban street canyons. Furthermore on this basis, extensive numerical modelling with the microscale model MIMO was performed, in an effort to gain an understanding of the possible effects of both the geometrical characteristics and the heated walls of a street canyon on the flow field and the corresponding dispersion mechanism and hence on the predicted depollution potential of the photocatalytic products evaluated during the aforementioned field experiment. Additionally, a wind tunnel campaign for the field site configuration was undertaken in order to enhance the field data and gain an understanding of their shortcomings with respect to both their representativeness and their resolution in space and time. Finally, based on the results from the aforementioned studies regarding the depollution potential of the various photocatalytic samples, the cost-effectiveness assessment of the specific photocatalytic covering technique was addressed, by assembling and utilising all the relevant costs in order to realise a cost-effectiveness analysis of the cost – reduction of emissions of pollutants under examination. Overall, results confirm the depollution effectiveness of photocatalytic coverings in street canyons. Furthermore, the comparison between numerical simulations and experimental results allows concluding that MIMO is capable of describing the impact of photocatalytic coverings on the NOx levels in an urban street canyon.
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