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Order of appearence	Full citation	SRCosmos Link
1	Ganev VS, Petropoulos E, (1999), Balkan endemic nephropothay and its putative environmental and genetic causes: A Review, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, Pythagorion, Samos Greece Volume A, 11-19.
2	Grubor-Lajsic G, Djordjevic VB, Jovanovic_galovic A, Lecic N, Djordjevic V, Spasic M, (1998), Selenium-dependent and selenium-non-dependent glutathione peroxidase in patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy, Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology 17, 321-324.
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6	Long DT, Icopini G, Ganev V, Petropoulos E, Havezov I, Voice T, Chou K, Spassov A, Stein A, (in press), Geochemistry of Bulgarian Soils in Villages Affected and Not Affected by Balkan Endemic Nephropathy: A Pilot Study, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.
7	Maksimovic Z, Djujic I, Jovic V, Rsumovic M, (1992), Selenium deficiency in Yugoslavia, Biol. Trace Element Res., 33, 187-196.
8	Nichifor E, Balea M, Rusu G, Melencu M, Ghirodanescu N, Cristescu I, Dovlete C, Sonoc S, (1985), Studies on the familial character of endemic Balkan nephropathy: Possible role of the toxic hydric factor in the determination of "familial agglomerations" in endemic Balkan nephropathy, Med. Intern. 23, 229-237.
9	Orem WH, Feder GL, Finkelman RB, (1999), A possible link between Balkan endemic nephropathy and the leaching of toxic organic compounds from Pliocene lignite by groundwater: preliminary investigation, International Journal of Coal Geology 40, 237-252.
10	Pierzynski GM, (1998), Past, present, and future approaches for testing metals for environmental concerns and regulatory approaches, Commun. Soil. Sci. Plant Anal. 29, 1523-1536.
11	Radovanovic Z, Edmunds WM, (1991), Groundwater chemistry and the Balkan endemic nephropathy, Environmental Geochemistry and Health 13, 43-49.
12	Reimann C, De-Caritat P, (1998) Chemical Elements in the Environment. Springer, New York.
13	Stoev SD, (1998), The role of ochratoxin A as a possible cause of Balkan endemic nephropahy and its risk evaluation, Vet. Hum. Toxicology 40, 352-360.
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Keywords
Abstract	Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis whose mosaic like distribution throughout the Balkans has not changed significantly since its initial description in 1950. Hypotheses to explain the occurrences of BEN include genetic predisposition; infection with a slow virus; selenium deficiency; and exposure to selected metals (e.g., As), Ochratoxin A, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we explore the hypothesis that the occurrence of BEN is linked to the inorganic geochemistry of the environment. Preliminary environmental samples (soils and selected foods) were collected from BEN and non-BEN areas in Bulgaria. Samples were digested in nitric acid and the leachates analyzed for 22 elements by hexapole, inductively coupled plasma, mass spectrometry (HEX-ICP-MS). Selected results include: 1) absolute concentrations from both types of locations were not enriched above “background” concentrations; and 2) As concentrations were typically higher in BEN samples than non-BEN soils and Se concentrations lower; Mo and Al also showed patterns of higher concentration in BEN samples; and 4) depending on the sample type other elemental differences were found between BEN and non-BEN locations. Although geochemical differences between BEN and non-BEN areas were evident, not all difference were found to be statistically significant, in part due to small sample sizes. However, the results do indicate that potentially there are differences in the inorganic geochemistry of BEN and non-BEN areas, that HEX-ICP-MS is an exciting tool to measure environmental geochemical fingerprints, and that the occurrence of BEN is most likely a multifactoral phenomenon.
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Name	Affiliation	Home page	e-mail	Total pubs
Aryeh Stein	Department of International Health, Grace Crum Rollins Building, Emory University			1
Chou K				2
Ganev VS	Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia			6
Havezov Ivan	Institute for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences			1
Icopini GΑ	Michigan State University, Geological Sciences, now at Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Montana Tech University			2
Long DT	Department of Geological Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824		long@msu.edu	13
Petropoulos EA				6
Spassov Alexander	Department of Waste Management, National Center of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition,			1
Voice T	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University			1

Pub Type	Full Citation
Conference	Long DT, Voice TC, Niagolova ND, Mcelmurry SP, Petropoulos EA, Ganev VS, Havezov I, Chou K: "Aqueous geochemistry of groundwater in a region affected by Balkan endemic nephropathy", In CEST2003: 557-564, (Sep 2003)	Summary