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Order of appearence	Full citation	SRCosmos Link
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Keywords	roxicity, Daphnia magna, combined effects, organotins, chromium, cyanide
Abstract	The toxicity of chromium, cyanide and two organotin compounds were investigated in this study on the freshwater crustacean D. magna. The substances examined for their toxic properties were: tin in the form of trimethyltin chloride (TMT) and of dibutyltin diacetate (DBT), chromium as potassium dichromate and cyanide as potassium cyanide. The toxicity of the tested substances was evaluated by the estimation of the EC50 value (the effective concentration of the tested substance that causes 50 % immobilization on D. magna). The range of concentrations used for the estimation of the EC50 values of the organotins compounds varied about two orders of magnitude and the corresponding value of chromium and cyanide varied one order of magnitude, indicating a steeper dose response curve of chromium and cyanide. Tin as trimethyltin chloride (TMT) was the most toxic compound with the lowest EC50 value, 0.15 mg/L, while the less toxic compound was cyanide with an EC50 value equal to 1.12 mg/L. The toxicity of the four compounds tested was in the order TMT>DBT>Cr>CN. The interactive effects between trimethyltin and chromium/cyanide and dibutyltin dichloride and chromium/cyanide on Daphnia magna were investigated and the experimental values were compared with the theoretical ones, obtained from a statistical analysis. In most cases experimental toxicity values of cyanide and tin mixtures were equal to the theoretically predicted ones and were associated with additive effects developed between the components of the mixtures. However, combined binary mixtures of chromium with both organotins showed generally antagonistic effects. Synergistic effects were observed only in the case of the binary mixture of tin as DBT and cyanide at high concentrations.
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Name	Affiliation	Home page	e-mail	Total pubs
Hadjispyrou S	Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki			2
Kungolos A	Department of Planning & Regional Development, University of Thessaly		kungolos@uth.gr	22
Petala M	Chemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki			7
Sakellaropoulos GP	Chemical Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki			18
Samaras P	Department of Food Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece		samaras@food.teithe.gr	35
Tsiridis V	Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, 38334, Volos, Greece			8