SRCosmos:

Order of appearence	Full citation	SRCosmos Link
1	Keegan TH, Whitaker MJ, Nieuwenhuijsen MB, Toledano P, Elliott J, Fawell M, Wilkinson M, Best N, 2001, Use of routinely collected data on trihalomethane in drinking water for epidemiological purposes. Occup Environ Med 58:447-452.
2	Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Toledano MB, Eaton NE, Fawell J, Elliott P, 2000, Chlorination disinfection by-products in water and their association with adverse reproductive outcomes, a review. Occup Environ Med 57:73-85.
3	Reif JS, Hatch MC, Bracken M, Holmes LB, Schwetz BA, Singer PC, 1996, Reproductive and developmental effects of disinfection by-products in drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 104:1056-1061.
4	Bove F, Shim Y, Zeitz P, 2002, Drinking water contaminants and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review. Environ Health Perspect 110(suppl 1):61-74.
5	Graves CG, Matanoski GM, Tardiff RG, 2001, Weight of evidence for an association between adverse reproductive and developmental effects and exposure to disinfection by-products: a critical review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 34:103-124.
6	Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Grellier J, Smith R, Iszatt N, Bennett J, Best N, Toledano M, 2009, The epidemiology and possible mechanisms of disinfection by-products in drinking water. Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci 367:4043-4076.
7	Tardiff RG, Carson ML, Ginevan ME, 2006, Updated weight of evidence for an association between adverse reproductive and developmental effects and exposure to disinfection by-products. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 45:185-205. [Online 19 April 2006]
8	Yang CY, Xiao ZP, Ho SC, Wu TN, Tsai SS, 2007, Association between trihalomethane concentrations in drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcome in Taiwan. Environ Res 104:390-395.
9	Hinckley AF, Bachand AM, Reif JS, 2005, Late pregnancy exposures to disinfection by-products and growth-related birth outcomes. Environ Health Perspec 113:1808-1813.
10	Wright JM, Schwartz J, Dockery DW, 2003, Effect of trihalomethane exposure on fetal development. Occup Environ Med 60:173-180. [Online 10 July 2002].
11	Wright JM, Schwartz J, Dockery DW, 2004, The effect of disinfection by-products and mutagenic activity on birth weight and gestational duration. Environ Health Perspect 112:920-925.
12	Savitz DA, Andrews KW, Pastore LM, 1995, Drinking water and pregnancy outcome in Central North Carolina: source, amount and trihalomethane levels. Environ Health Perspect 103:592-596. [Online 10 March 1995].
13	Swan SH, Waller K, Hopkins B, Windham G, Fenster L, Schaefer C, Neutra RR, 1998, A prospective study of spontaneous abortion: relation to amount and source of drinking water consumed in early pregnancy. Epidemiology 9:126-133.
14	Lewis C, Suffet IH, Ritz B, 2006, Estimated effects of disinfection by-products on birth weight in a population served by a single water utility. J Epidemiol 163:38-47.
15	Porter CK, Putnam SD, Hunting KL, Riddle MR, 2005, The effect of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid exposure on fetal growth in a Maryland county. Am J Epidemiol 162:334-344.
16	Hoffman CS, Mendola P, Savitz DA, Herring AH, Loomis D, Hartmann KE, Singer PC, Weinberg HS, Olshan AF, 2008, Drinking water disinfection by-product exposure and fetal growth. Epidemiology 19:729-737.
17	Mac-Lehose RF, Savitz DA, Herring AH, Hartmann KE, Singer PC, Weinberg HS, 2008, Drinking water disinfection by-products and time to pregnancy. Epidemiology 19:451-458.
18	Savitz DA, Singer PC, Herring AH, Hartmann KE, Howard S, Weinberg HS, Makarushka C, 2006, Exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and pregnancy loss. Am J Epidemiol 164:1043-1051. [Online 4 August 2006].
19	Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Smith R, Golfinopoulos S, Best N, Bennett J, Aggazzotti G, Righi E, Fantuzzi G, Bucchini L, Cordier S, Villanueva CM, Moreno V, La-Vecchia C, Bosetti C, Vartiainen T, Rautiu R, Toledano M, Iszatt N, Grazuleviciene R, Kogevinas M, 2009, Health impacts of long-term exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water in Europe: HIWATE. Water Health 7:185-207.
20	Declaration of Helsinki: 1996, Recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects. Br Med J 313:1448-1449.
21	Mecejus G, 2004, Lithuanian national birthweight standards by gestational age. Medicinos teorija ir praktika 39:178-181.
22	Nikolaou A, Golfinopoulos S, Rizzo L, Lofrano G, Lekkas T, Belgiorno V, 2005, Optimisation of analytical methods for the determination of DBPs: Application to drinking waters from Greece and Italy. Desalination 176:25-36.
23	Whitaker HJ, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Best NG, 2003, The relationship between water concentrations and individual uptake of chloroform: a simulation study. Environ Health Perspect 111:688-694.
24	Backer LC, Ashley DL, Bonin MA, Cardinali FL, Kieszak SM, Wooten JV, 2000, Household exposures to drinking water disinfection by-products: whole blood trihalomethane levels. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 10:321-326.
25	Lynberg M, Nuckols JR, Langlois P, Ashley D, Singer P, Mendola P, Wilkes C, Krapfl H, Miles E, Speight V, Lin B, Small L, Miles A, Bonin M, Zeitz P, Tadkod A, Henry J, Forrester MB, 2001, Assessing exposure to disinfection by-products in women of reproductive age living in Corpus Christi, Texas, and Cobb County, Georgia: descriptive results and methods. Environ Health Perspect 109:597-604.
26	Bukowski R, Smith GC, Malone FD, Ball RH, Nyberg DA, Comstock CH, Hankins GD, Berkowitz RL, Gross SJ, Dugoff L., Craigo S.D., Timor-Tritsch I.E., Carr S.R., Wolfe H.M., D-Alton M.E., 2007 Fetal growth in early pregnancy and risk of delivering low birth weight infant: prospective cohort study. Br Med J 2007, 334:836. Epub Mar 13
27	Xue F, Willett WC, Rosner BA, Forman MR, Michels KB, 2008, Parental characteristics as predictors of birthweight. Hum Reprod 23:168-177.
28	Legay C, Rodriguez MJ, Miranda-Moreno L, Serodes JB, Levallois P, 2010, Multi-level modelling of chlorination by-product presence in drinking water distribution systems for human exposure assessment purposes. Environ Monit Assess 9:59.
29	Bove FJ, Fulcomer MC, Klotz JB, Esmart J, Dufficy EM, Savrin JE, 1995, Public drinking water contamination and birth outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 141:850-862.
30	Gallagher MD, Nuckols JR, Stallones L, Savitz DA, 1998, Exposure to trihalomethanes and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Epidemiology 9:484-489. [Online 13 February 1998].
31	Toledano MB, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Best N, Whitaker H, Hambly P, De-Hoogh C, Fawell J, Jarup L, Elliott P, 2005, Relation of trihalomethane concentrations in public water supplies to stillbirth and birth weight in three water regions in England. Environ Health Perspect 113:225-232.
32	Aggazzotti G, Righi E, Fantuzzi G, Biasotti B, Ravera G, Kanitz S, Barbone F, Sansebastiano G, Battaglia MA, Leoni V, Fabiani L, Triassi M, Sciacca S, 2004, Chlorination by-products (CBPs) in drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Italy. J Water Health 2:233-247.
33	Kramer MD, Lynch CF, Isacson P, Hanson JW, 1992, The association of waterborne chloroform with intrauterine growth retardation. Epidemiology 3:407-413. [Online 13 March 1992].
34	Dodds L, King W, Woolcott C, Pole J, 1999, Trihalomethanes in public water supplies and adverse birth outcomes. Epidemiology 3:233-237.
35	Grellier J, Bennett J, Patelarou E, Smith RB, Toledano MB, Rushton L, Briggs DJ, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, 2010, Exposure to disinfection by-products, fetal growth, and prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology 21:300-313.
36	Villanueva CM, Gagniere B, Monfort C, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Cordier S, 2007, Sources of variability in levels and exposure to trihalomethanes. Environmental Research 103:211-220.
37	Infante-Rivard C, 2004, Drinking water contaminants, gene polymorphisms, and fetal growth. Environ Health Perspect 112:1213-1216.
38	Maroziene L, Grazuleviciene R, 2002, Maternal exposure to low-level air pollution and pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study. Environ Health 1:6.

Keywords
Abstract	Background: Evidence for an association between exposure during pregnancy to trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water and impaired fetal growth is still inconsistent and inconclusive, in particular, for various exposure routes. We examined the relationship of individual exposures to THMs in drinking water on low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and birth weight (BW) in singleton births. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 4,161 pregnant women in Kaunas (Lithuania), using individual information on drinking water, ingestion, showering and bathing, and uptake factors of THMs in blood, to estimate an internal dose of THM. We used regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between internal THM dose and birth outcomes, adjusting for family status, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, blood pressure, ethnic group, previous preterm, infant gender, and birth year. Results: The estimated internal dose of THMs ranged from 0.0025 to 2.40 mg/d. We found dose-response relationships for the entire pregnancy and trimester-specific THM and chloroform internal dose and risk for LBW and a reduction in BW. The adjusted odds ratio for third tertile vs. first tertile chloroform internal dose of entire pregnancy was 2.17, 95% CI 1.19-3.98 for LBW; the OR per every 0.1 μg/d increase in chloroform internal dose was 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19. Chloroform internal dose was associated with a slightly increased risk of SGA (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.87-1.63 and OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.89-1.68, respectively, for second and third tertile of third trimester); the risk increased by 4% per every 0.1 μg/d increase in chloroform internal dose (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.09). Conclusions: THM internal dose in pregnancy varies substantially across individuals, and depends on both water THM levels and water use habits. Increased internal dose may affect fetal growth.
Full text	Full Text in PDF (273 KB)
Source link	http://www.ehjournal.net/content/pdf/1476-069X-10-32.pdf
Included Refrences	38 References (List...)
Cited by other Articles	0 Citations (List...)

Name	Affiliation	Home page	e-mail	Total pubs
Balcius G	Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania			1
Danileviciute A	Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania			1
Grazuleviciene R	Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania			1
Kapustinskiene V	Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania			1
Kostopoulou-karadanelli M	Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Greece			1
Krasner SW	The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, CA, USA			1
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ	Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain			2
Vencloviene J	Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania			1