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Order of appearence	Full citation	SRCosmos Link
1	Aubert JE, Husson B, Vaquier A, 2004. Use of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 34, 957-963.
2	Bertos FM, Li X, Simons SJR, Hills CD, Carey PJ, 2004 Investigation of accelerated carbonation for the stabilisation of MSW incinerator ashes and the sequestration of CO2. Green Chemistry 6, 428-436.
3	Burnley SJ, 2007. A review of municipal solid waste composition in the United Kingdom. Waste Management 27, 1274-1285.
4	Cinquepalmi MA, Mangiarlardi T, Panei L, Paolini AE, Piga L, 2008. Reuse of cementsolidified municipal incinerator fly ash in cement mortars : Physico-chemical and leaching characteristics. Journal of Hazardous Materials 151, 585-593.
5	Gomez G, Meneses M, Ballinas L, Castells F, 2009. Seasonal characterization of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico. Waste Management 29, 2018-2024.
6	Hansen TL, Jansen JLC, Spliid H, Davidsson A, Christensen TH, 2007. Composition of source-sorted municipal organic waste collected in Danish cities. Waste Management 27, 510-518.
7	Quina MJ, Bordado JC, Quinta-Ferreira RM, 2008. Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview. Waste Management 28, 2097-2121.
8	Reijnders L, 2005. Disposal, uses and treatments of combustion ashes: a review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 43, 313-336.
9	Saikia N, Kato S, Kojima T, 2007. Production of cement clinkers from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. Waste Management 27, 1178-1189.
10	Yu CC, Maclaren V, 1995. A Comparison of Two Waste Stream Quantification and Characterization Methodologies. Waste Management Research 13, 343-361.

Keywords
Abstract	The question of the composition variability frequently arises when evocating the treatment or the eventual use of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues. This study aims to estimate this assumed variability by following the composition of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) fly ashes from MSWI day by day during one month. The samples composition is determined by X-ray fluorescence and their mineralogy is analysed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the concentration values of MSWI ESP fly ash elements remain in the range of 2 σ (standard deviation) around the average. An ANOVA test also indicates that there is no significant effect of the time-period on the ESP fly ash composition. The results suggest thus a low variability of the ESP fly ash composition over a one-month period. A one-year campaign began in March 2010 to investigate the MSWI ESP fly ash composition over a longer period. A low variability of the MSWI ESP fly ash composition would constitute an incentive for the use of such residues in, for instance, construction materials.
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Name	Affiliation	Home page	e-mail	Total pubs
De-Boom A	Chemicals and Materials Department, Universite libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 165/63, 1050 Brussels, Belgium			1
Degrez M	Chemicals and Materials Department, Universite libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 165/63, 1050 Brussels, Belgium			1
De-Laneve M	CRIC-OCCN, avenue Buyl 87, 1050 Brussels, Belgium			1
Pierre C	CRIC-OCCN, avenue Buyl 87, 1050 Brussels, Belgium			1
Staquet S	BATir Department, Universite libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), avenue Buyl 87 CP 194/4, 1050 Brussels, Belgium			1