SRCosmos:

Order of appearence	Full citation	SRCosmos Link
1	Pope CA, Dockery DW, 2006, Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 56:709-42.
2	Dockery DW, Pope CA, Xu X, Spengler JD, Ware JH, Fay ME, Ferris Jr.B.G., Speizer F.E., 1993, An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med 329:1753-9.
3	Pope CA, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD, 2002, Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 287:1132-41.
4	Jerrett M, Burnett RT, Ma R, Pope CA, Krewski D, Newbold KB, Thurston G, Shi Y, Finkelstein N, Calle EE, Thun MJ, 2005, Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in Los Angeles. Epidemiology 16:727-36.
5	Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Goldbohm S, Fischer P, Van-Den-brandt PA, 2002, Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: a cohort study. Lancet 360:1203-9.
6	Beelen R, Hoek G, Van-Den-brandt PA, Goldbohm RA, Fischer P, Schouten LJ, Jerrett M, Hughes E, Armstrong B, Brunekreef B, 2008, Long-term effects of traffic-related air pollution on mortality in a Dutch cohort (NLCS-AIR study). Environ Health Perspect 116:196-202.
7	Jerrett M, Finkelstein MM, Brook JR, Arain MA, Kanaroglou P, Stieb DM, Gilbert NL, Verma D, Finkelstein N, Chapman KR, Sears MR, 2009, A cohort study of traffic-related air pollution and mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Environ Health Perspect 117:772-7.
8	Bayer-Oglesby L, Schindler C, Hazenkamp-Von-arx M, Braun-Fahrlander C, Keidel D, Rapp R, Künzli N, Braendli O, Burdet L, Sally-Liu LJ, Leuenberger P, Ackermann-Liebrich U, 2006, Living near main streets and respiratory symptoms in adults: the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. Am J Epidemiol 164:1190-8.
9	Hoffmann B, Moebus S, Stang A, Beck EM, Dragano N, Mohlenkamp S, Schmermund A, Memmesheimer M, Mann K, Erbel R, Jockel KH, Heinz, Nixdorf RECALL Study Investigative Group. 2006, Residence close to high traffic and prevalence of coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J 27:2696-702.
10	Reynolds P, Von-Behren J, Gunier RB, Goldberg DE, Hertz A, 2004, Residential exposure to traffic in California and childhood cancer. Epidemiology 15:6-12.
11	Wilhelm M, Ritz B, 2003, Residential proximity to traffic and adverse birth outcomes in Los Angeles county, California, 1994-1996. Environ Health Perspect 111:207-16.
12	Pearson RL, Wachtel H, Ebi KL, 2000, Distance-weighted traffic density in proximity to a home is a risk factor for leukemia and other childhood cancers. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 50:175-80.
13	Cesaroni G, Badaloni C, Porta D, Forastiere F, Perucci CA, 2008, Comparison between various indices of exposure to traffic-related air pollution and their impact on respiratory health in adults. Occup Environ Med 65:683-90.
14	HEI panel on the Health Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution. 2010. Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Critical Review of the Literature on Emissions, Exposure, and Heath Effects. HEI Special Report 17 Boston.
15	O-Neill MS, Jerrett M, Kawachi I, Levy JI, Cohen AJ, Gouveia N, Wilkinson P, Fletcher T, Cifuentes L, Schwartz J, 2003, Health, wealth, and air pollution: advancing theory and methods. Environ Health Perspect 111:1861-70.
16	Bell ML, O-Neill MS, Cifuentes LA, Braga ALF, Green C, Nweke A, Rogat J, Sidold K, 2005, Challenges and recommendations for the study of socioeconomic factors and air pollution health effects. Environmental Science and Policy 8:525-533.
17	Jerrett M, 2009, Global geographies of injustice in traffic-related air pollution exposure. Epidemiology 20:231-3.
18	Havard S, Deguen S, Zmirou-Navier D, Schillinger C, Bard D, 2009, Traffic-related air pollution and socioeconomic status: a spatial autocorrelation study to assess environmental equity on a small-area scale. Epidemiology 20:223-30.
19	Laurent O, Bard D, Filleul L, Segala C, 2007, Effect of socioeconomic status on the relationship between atmospheric pollution and mortality. J Epidemiol Community Health 61:665-75.
20	Lipfert FW, 2004, Air pollution and poverty: does the sword cut both ways? J Epidemiol Community Health 58:2-3.
21	Samet JM, White RH, 2004, Urban air pollution, health, and equity. J Epidemiol Community Health 58:3-5.
22	Naess O, Piro FN, Nafstad P, Smith GD, Leyland AH, 2007, Air pollution, social deprivation, and mortality: a multilevel cohort study. Epidemiology 18:686-94.
23	O-Neill MS, Mc-Michael AJ, Schwartz J, Wartenberg D, 2007, Poverty, environment, and health: the role of environmental epidemiology and environmental epidemiologists. Epidemiology 18:664-8.
24	Wheeler BW, Ben-Shlomo Y, 2005, Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status, and respiratory health: a linkage analysis of routine data from the Health Survey for England. J Epidemiol Community Health 59:948-54.
25	Forastiere F, Stafoggia M, Tasco C, Picciotto S, Agabiti N, Cesaroni G, Perucci CA, 2007, Socioeconomic status, particulate air pollution, and daily mortality:differential exposure or differential susceptibility. Am J Ind Med 50:208-16.
26	Forastiere F, Stafoggia M, Berti G, Bisanti L, Cernigliaro A, Chiusolo M, Mallone S, Miglio R, Pandolfi P, Rognoni M, Serinelli M, Tessari R, Vigotti M, Perucci CA, 2008, Particulate matter and daily mortality: a case-crossover analysis of individual effect modifiers. Epidemiology 19:571-80.
27	Romieu I, Ramirez-Aguilar M, Moreno-Macias H, Barraza-Villarreal A, Miller P, Hernandez-Cadena L, Carbajal-Arroyo LA, Hernandez-Avila M, 2004, Infant mortality and air pollution: modifying effect by social class. J Occup Environ Med 46:1210-6.
28	Insolera I, 2001. Roma Moderna. Un secolo di storia urbanistica, 1870-1970. Torino: Einaudi.
29	Cesaroni G, Agabiti N, Rosati R, Forastiere F, Perucci CA, 2006, An index of socioeconomic position based on 2001 Census, Rome. Epidemiol Prev 30:352-7.
30	Cesaroni G, Farchi S, Davoli M, Forastiere F, Perucci CA, 2003, Individual and area-based indicators of socioeconomic status and childhood asthma. Eur Respir J 22:619-24.
31	Cesaroni G, Agabiti N, Forastiere F, Perucci CA, 2009, Socioeconomic differences in stroke incidence and prognosis under a universal healthcare system. Stroke 40:2812-9.
32	Badaloni C, Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Perucci CA, 2008, Temporal changes in life expectancy by gender and socioeconomic position, Rome 1991-2005. EpidemiolPrev 32:301-6.
33	Zhou Y, Levy JI, 2007,Factors influencing the spatial extent of mobile source air pollution impacts: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 7:89-99.
34	Gunier RB, Hertz A, Von-Behren J, Reynolds P, 2003, Traffic density in California: socioeconomic and ethnic differences among potentially exposed children. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 13:240-6.
35	Green RS, Smorodinsky S, Kim JJ, Mc-Laughlin R, Ostro B, 2004, Proximity of California public schools to busy roads. Environ Health Perspect 112:61-6.
36	Finkelstein MM, Jerrett M, Sears MR, 2005, Environmental inequality and circulatory disease mortality gradients. J Epidemiol Community Health 59:481-7.
37	Buzzelli M, Jerrett M, 2007, Geographies of susceptibility and exposure in the city: environmental inequity of traffic-related air pollution in Toronto. Can J Reg Sci 30:195-210.
38	Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, Holguin F, Hong Y, Luepker RV, Mittleman MA, Peters A, Siscovick D, Smith Jr.S.C., Whitsel L., Kaufman J.D., American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism. 2010, Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121:2331-78.
39	Miller KA, Siscovick DS, Sheppard L, Shepherd K, Sullivan JH, Anderson GL, Kaufman JD, 2007, Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J Med 356:447-58.
40	Naess O, Nafstad P, Aamodt G, Claussen B, Rosland P, 2007, Relation between concentration of air pollution and cause-specific mortality: four-year exposures to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter pollutants in 470 neighborhoods in Oslo, Norway. Am J Epidemiol 165:435-43.
41	Rosenlund M, Forastiere F, Stafoggia M, Porta D, Perucci M, Ranzi A, Nussio F, Perucci CA, 2008, Comparison of regression models with land-use and emissions data to predict the spatial distribution of traffic-related air pollution in Rome. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 18:192-9.
42	Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, 2007, Particulate air pollution, progression, and survival after myocardial infarction. Environ Health Perspect 115:769-75.

Keywords
Abstract	Background: Subjects living close to high traffic roads (HTR) are more likely to suffer from air-pollution related morbidity and mortality. The issue has large public health consequences but few studies have described the main socio-demographic characteristics of people exposed to traffic. Objectives: To characterise a large cohort of residents in Rome according to different measures of traffic exposure, socioeconomic position (SEP), and baseline health status. Methods: Residents of Rome in October 2001 were selected. Individual and area-based SEP indices were available. GIS was used to obtain traffic indicators at residential addresses: distance from HTR (> = 10,000 vehicles/day), length of HTR, average daily traffic count, and traffic density within 150 meters of home. Hospitalisations in the 5-year period before enrolment were used to characterise health status. Logistic and linear regression analyses estimated the association between traffic exposure and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: We selected 1,898,898 subjects with complete SEP information and GIS traffic indicators. A total of 320,913 individuals (17%) lived within 50 meters of an HTR, and 14% lived between 50 and 100 meters. These proportions were higher among 75+ year-old subjects. Overall, all traffic indicators were directly associated with SEP, with people living in high or medium SEP areas or with a university degree more likely to be exposed to traffic than people living in low SEP areas or with a low level of education. However, an effect modification by area of residence within the city was seen and the association between traffic and SEP was reversed in the city centre. Conclusions: A large section of the population is exposed to traffic in Rome. Elderly people and those living in areas of high and medium SEP tend to be more exposed. These findings are related to the historical stratification of the population within the city according to age and socioeconomic status.
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Name	Affiliation	Home page	e-mail	Total pubs
Badaloni C	Department of Epidemiology of the Regional Health Service, Lazio Region, via S.Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy			2
Cesaroni G	Department of Epidemiology of the Regional Health Service, Lazio Region, via S.Costanza 53, 00198 Rome, Italy		cesaroni@asplazio.it	1
Donato E	Department of Environmental Policies, Rome Local Council, Circonvallazione Ostiense 191, 00154 Rome, Italy			1
Forastiere F	Department of Epidemiology, Rome E Health Authority, Via di Santa Costanza 53 00198 Rome, Italy		forastiere@asplazio.it	6
Perucci CA	Department of Epidemiology, Local Health Authority Rome E, Rome, Italy		perucci@asplazio	6
Romano V	Department of Environmental Policies, Rome Local Council, Circonvallazione Ostiense 191, 00154 Rome, Italy			1