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Abstract Munoz-Leoz B, Garbisu C, Antiguedad I, Alonso ML, Alonso RM, Ruiz-Romera E:
"Monitoring the impact of the fungicide tebuconazole in a riparian wetland soil by soil microbiological activities",
In Bio Remediation: (Sep 2008)

Keywords

Abstract The extensive application of fungicides to soil to control plant diseases has become a common practice in crop production in many parts of the world. However, while the impact of agrochemicals on water quality is well known, the same cannot be claimed for of the possible environmental hazards of agrochemicals in terrestrial ecosystems, because of this, there is a need to characterize the most suitable and susceptible biological indicators of adverse effects of fungicides on the soil environment. In soil, the total microbiological activity is controlled by enzymes under different sates. The composition of the surrounding (natural and anthropogenic) has a strongly influence in their catalytic efficiency and it can induce both an unusually increase and reduction in their production. Pesticides, majority of them have and anthropogenic origin, are expected to affect the behaviour of soil microbiological enzymes. To this end, a short-term (98 days) microcosm study was carried out with a composite soil sample, prepared from 14 different sub-samples, collected from the top layer (0-60 cm) of a 200 m2 area located in the vicinity of the Zurbano pool, belonging to the Salburua wetland (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, northern Spain), with no previous pesticide presence. Immediately after collection, the soil was homogenized, sieved to <2 mm, air-dried at 30 ?C, and subjected to physicochemical characterization according to Sparks et al. (1996). The soil had a pH of 8.3, an organic carbon content of 2.94 %, a total nitrogen (N) content of 0.26 %, a C/N ratio of 7.54, and a particle size distribution of 28:41:31 clay:silt:sand. Subsequently, the soil was artificially contaminated with 5 (C1), the maximum recommended fungicide dose dispersed in the top 1 cm of soil, 25 (C2) and 125 (C3) mg Tebuconazole kg-1 dry weight soil, using methanol as solvent. The water holding capacity of soil samples was adjusted to 65% before incubation, and they were kept at 20?C in darkness under aerobic conditions. Samples for testing of microbial activity and fungicide concentration were taken after 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 98 days. Soil microbiological enzyme activities measured represent each of the most important biogeochemical cycle concerning agriculture: Arilsulfatase (S), Alkaline Phosphatase (P), β-Glucosidase (C) and Urease (N). Finally microbial community metabolic profiles were obtained using Eco-BIOLOGTM plates, calculated by the average well colour development (AWCD) and Shannon/s substrate diversity test (H/). Significance differences between treatments were performed as one factor analysis of variance. From data obtained, it was concluded that there is no gradient in soil microbiological activities regarding the tebuconazole concentrations, so that the effect of the lowest fungicide concentration is practically the same as the highest one. All the soil samples treated with tebuconazole show lower microbiological activities comparing with control, and furthermore, during the 98 days of laboratory incubation there are no significant signs of recuperation. values of the Arilsulfatase, Alkaline Phosphatase, β-Glucosidase and Urease decrease on average 88, 49, 69 and 94 respectively. Surprisingly, according to AWCD and H/, the functional diversity of soil microbiological slightly higher in the soil treated with Tebuconazole compared to control. According to the first order kinetics degradation curves of the three tebuconazole concentrations, the values of fungicide soil half-lifes are 29.37 days for C1, 84.18 days for C2 and 167.68 days for C3. Regarding the effect of Tebuconazole concentration on pesticide degradation rates, it was observed the fact that at higher pesticide concentrations a certain degree of inhibition of microbial activity might have occurred as it can be checked in the higher soil half-lifes.

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Authors:

6 records found.

Name Affiliation Home page e-mail Total pubs
Alonso ML Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain 1
Alonso RM Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain 1
Antiguedad I Department of Geology, University of the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain 1
Garbisu C Department of Agroecosystems and Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, E-48160 Derio, Spain 1
Munoz-Leoz B Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain 1
Ruiz-Romera E Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain 1

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Keywords
Abstract	The extensive application of fungicides to soil to control plant diseases has become a common practice in crop production in many parts of the world. However, while the impact of agrochemicals on water quality is well known, the same cannot be claimed for of the possible environmental hazards of agrochemicals in terrestrial ecosystems, because of this, there is a need to characterize the most suitable and susceptible biological indicators of adverse effects of fungicides on the soil environment. In soil, the total microbiological activity is controlled by enzymes under different sates. The composition of the surrounding (natural and anthropogenic) has a strongly influence in their catalytic efficiency and it can induce both an unusually increase and reduction in their production. Pesticides, majority of them have and anthropogenic origin, are expected to affect the behaviour of soil microbiological enzymes. To this end, a short-term (98 days) microcosm study was carried out with a composite soil sample, prepared from 14 different sub-samples, collected from the top layer (0-60 cm) of a 200 m2 area located in the vicinity of the Zurbano pool, belonging to the Salburua wetland (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, northern Spain), with no previous pesticide presence. Immediately after collection, the soil was homogenized, sieved to <2 mm, air-dried at 30 ?C, and subjected to physicochemical characterization according to Sparks et al. (1996). The soil had a pH of 8.3, an organic carbon content of 2.94 %, a total nitrogen (N) content of 0.26 %, a C/N ratio of 7.54, and a particle size distribution of 28:41:31 clay:silt:sand. Subsequently, the soil was artificially contaminated with 5 (C1), the maximum recommended fungicide dose dispersed in the top 1 cm of soil, 25 (C2) and 125 (C3) mg Tebuconazole kg-1 dry weight soil, using methanol as solvent. The water holding capacity of soil samples was adjusted to 65% before incubation, and they were kept at 20?C in darkness under aerobic conditions. Samples for testing of microbial activity and fungicide concentration were taken after 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 98 days. Soil microbiological enzyme activities measured represent each of the most important biogeochemical cycle concerning agriculture: Arilsulfatase (S), Alkaline Phosphatase (P), β-Glucosidase (C) and Urease (N). Finally microbial community metabolic profiles were obtained using Eco-BIOLOGTM plates, calculated by the average well colour development (AWCD) and Shannon/s substrate diversity test (H/). Significance differences between treatments were performed as one factor analysis of variance. From data obtained, it was concluded that there is no gradient in soil microbiological activities regarding the tebuconazole concentrations, so that the effect of the lowest fungicide concentration is practically the same as the highest one. All the soil samples treated with tebuconazole show lower microbiological activities comparing with control, and furthermore, during the 98 days of laboratory incubation there are no significant signs of recuperation. values of the Arilsulfatase, Alkaline Phosphatase, β-Glucosidase and Urease decrease on average 88, 49, 69 and 94 respectively. Surprisingly, according to AWCD and H/, the functional diversity of soil microbiological slightly higher in the soil treated with Tebuconazole compared to control. According to the first order kinetics degradation curves of the three tebuconazole concentrations, the values of fungicide soil half-lifes are 29.37 days for C1, 84.18 days for C2 and 167.68 days for C3. Regarding the effect of Tebuconazole concentration on pesticide degradation rates, it was observed the fact that at higher pesticide concentrations a certain degree of inhibition of microbial activity might have occurred as it can be checked in the higher soil half-lifes.
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Name	Affiliation	Home page	e-mail	Total pubs
Alonso ML	Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain			1
Alonso RM	Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain			1
Antiguedad I	Department of Geology, University of the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain			1
Garbisu C	Department of Agroecosystems and Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, E-48160 Derio, Spain			1
Munoz-Leoz B	Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain			1
Ruiz-Romera E	Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain			1